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Vitamins and Minerals Health GuideVitamin K (MENADIONE)Naturally occurring Vitamin K are in two forms:• Vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone, phytomenadione), which occurs in plants (originally isolated from alfalfa) is supplied in diet gets absorbed with other lipids. • Vitamin K-2 (flavinoquinone, farnoquinone menaquinone) synthesized by bacteria in colon is absorbed from there and detected in liver. Different members of K family are synthesized by green plants and bacteria. The artificial synthetic product vitamin K-3 (Menadione) is more potent than the natural variety. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble, heat stable and withstands cooking. Vitamin K is stored in the liver. It is found that vitamin K stored in liver consists of about one-half from the diet and other half from bacterial production in the intestine. It is absorbed along with fat in the diet. Bile is essential for its absorption. There is hardly any excretion of this Vitamin by the body. The role of vitamin K is to stimulate the production and/or the release of certain coagulation factors. Function of Vitamin K in Our Body • It helps to maintain normal prothrombin content in the blood. • It is essential in prevention of internal bleeding and haemorrhages. • It is important for the normal functioning of the liver. • It cheeks excessive menstrual flow in women. • It acts as protector against cancer, and also in reducing the loss of calcium from the bones, as one grows older and is prone to osteoporosis. Natural Sources of Vitamin K Vitamin K is found in abundance in fresh green vegetables like tomato, soyabean, alfalfa, spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, and port liver etc. Corn and soya oil are also good. All fruits and cereals are, however, poor sources of vitamin K. This vitamin is found in small quantities in milk and its products which include curds and buttermilk as well. Daily Requirement of Vitamin K The RDA (recommended daily allowance) is 50 mcg for children and 70 mcg for adults. Normal mixed diet supported with synthesis by the bacteria in the gut provides adequate amount of Vitamin K. Vitamin K Deficiency • Its deficiency leads to defective blood coagulation and haemorrhages. • In vitamin K deficiency, the prothrombin content of blood is markedly decreased and the blood clotting time is considerably prolonged.
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