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Vitamins and Minerals Health GuideVitamin B1 (THIAMINE)Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is a water-soluble vitamin. It is essential for the utilization of carbohydrates. It is one of the most important members of Vitamins in B-Group.The addition of sodium carbonate in cooking destructs it. Alcohol, caffeine, sulphur drugs and food processing methods also destroy Thiamine. It is stable in acid medium, and can stand short boiling up to 100 degree C. Hence, it is only partly lost in cooking or canning process. Thiamine is readily lost from rice during the process of milling. Being a water-soluble vitamin, further losses take place during washing and cooking of rice. Much of thiamine in fruits and vegetables is generally lost during prolonged storage. Thiamine is also destroyed in toast and in cereals cooked with baking soda. Function of Thiamine in Our Body • It forms the active enzyme and is essential for the utilization of carbohydrate in the body. • It maintains good appetite and normal digestion. • It has fundamental role in brain metabolism. • It prevents constipation, maintains normal blood count and circulation, protects against lead poisoning. • It improves mental alertness, increases stamina, reduces fatigue, and delays aging effects. • It is essential for oxidation of sugar in the tissues and brain. • It helps the enzyme system which is responsible for the synthesis of fats from carbohydrates and proteins. Natural Sources of Thiamine Thiamine occurs in all natural foods, although in small amounts. Important sources are whole grain cereals, wheat germ, yeast pulses, oilseeds and nuts, especially groundnut. Meat, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits contain smaller amounts. Milk is an important source of thiamine for infants, provided the thiamine status of their mothers is satisfactory. Daily Requirement of Thiamine Daily requirement of thiamine is 0.5 mg per 1000 kcals of energy intake. The body content of thiamine is placed at 30 mg, and if more than this is given it is merely lost in the urine. Thiamine Deficiency • The two principal deficiency diseases are beriberi and Wernick’s encephalopathy. • Its deficiency also leads to loss of appetite, absence of ankle and knee jerks, and presence of calf tenderness. • Thiamine deficiency causes neurological and mental disturbances. • Its deficiency may cause abdominal pains, muscle tenderness, emotional instability, constipation, heart irregularities and irritability.
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